Usights class of cataracts

------Source: gifted ophthalmology

First, the definition of cataracts

All kinds of causes such as aging, genetic, local nutritional disorders, immune and metabolic abnormalities, trauma, poisoning, radiation, etc., can cause lens metabolism disorders, resulting in lens degeneration and turbidity, known as cataract, light was cloudy lens Obstruction can not be projected on the retina, you can not see the object. World Health Organization from the group of blindness, governance point of view, the lens degeneration and turbidity, become opaque, and even affect the vision, and corrected visual acuity of 0.7 or less, was included in the diagnosis of cataract.

Second, cataract classification

According to the degree of lens opacity will be divided into cataract: ① cortical cataract; nuclear cataract; ③ posterior capsular cataract.

Third, the cataract risk factors

Cataract risk factors are: ① sun exposure and cortical cataract-related; ② smoking more than 20 per day, more than 65 cases per year, the relative increase in incidence; ③ vitamin E and carotenoids were low-prone disease, vitamin E value and nuclear turbidity related to; ④ drugs in steroid drugs, antipsychotics and uric acid is a risk factor; ⑤ daily intake of alcohol increased risk of increased tendency; ⑥ compatriots in the occurrence of nuclear turbid and those who did not occur Compared to the occurrence of nuclear turbidity concessions than the rise of 3 times [1].

Fourth, cataract treatment

Surgical treatment

1. cataract phacoemulsification: in recent years at home and abroad to carry out a new type of cataract surgery. This operation is mainly concentrated in China's more advanced large and medium cities to carry out. The use of ultrasound to crush the lens core was chylous, and then together with the cortex sucked out, surgery to retain the lens after the capsule, which can be implanted in the room type intraocular lens. Senile cataract development to vision less than 0.3, lens opacity in the immature period, the central core is relatively soft, suitable for phacoemulsification surgery. The advantage is small incision, less tissue damage, short operation time, vision recovery quickly.

2. extracapsular cataract extraction: and the old-style extracapsular extracorporeal surgery is different, it needs to operate under the microscope, the incision is smaller than the capsule, the turbid lens core discharge, aspirate the cortex, but leave the lens after the capsule. Posterior capsule is retained, can be implanted in the posterior chamber intraocular lens, surgery can be immediately restored vision function. Therefore, extracapsular cataract extraction has become the current surgical approach to cataracts.

3. Cataract extraction: is the opacity of the lens completely removed from the eye of a surgery. This procedure requires a larger surgical incision, because the surgery when the lens capsule was removed, it can not be implanted in the posterior chamber intraocular lens.

medical treatement

Cataract drug treatment has no exact effect, at home and abroad are in the exploratory research stage, some early cataract, medication after the disease may slow down the development of vision is also slightly improved, but this is not necessarily the result of drug treatment, because the cataract Early progress to maturity is a relatively long process, it is possible to naturally stop at a certain stage of development and not seriously affect vision. Some patients with medium-term cataract, after treatment, the degree of vision and lens opacity did not improve. Near maturity of the cataract, drug treatment more practical significance. At present, nearly three kinds of drugs commonly used clinically, eye drops or oral Chinese and Western medicine, but there is no exact treatment.

Fives,cataract prevention

1. pay attention to the spirit of the transfer: the case of calmly, mind should be broad, to maintain emotional ease, to anger, training on the flowers, birds, goldfish interest to cultivate sentiment, and more talk with young people, can be scattered on the unpleasant The attention of things, sparking a strong passion for life, can play a role in preventing and delaying the progress of the disease.

2. Strengthen the use of eye health, usually without rubbing his eyes, do not unclean handkerchief, towel wiping eyes, eye wash, eye should be appropriate after the relaxation, sedentary workers should be separated from 1 to 2 hours to get up 10 to 15 minutes, Overlooking, or do eye exercises, have plenty of sleep, timely recovery of fatigue.

3. Active prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, including eye diseases and systemic diseases, especially diabetes, most complicated with cataract, timely and effective control of blood sugar, to prevent the further development of the disease.

4. Diet should be rich in protein, calcium, trace elements, eat more foods containing vitamin A, B, C, D, usually eat more fish, can maintain normal vision, retard the progression of the disease.

5. Smoking susceptible to cataract has been confirmed by practice, should quit smoking as soon as possible.

references

[1] Cataract diagnosis and treatment guidelines. Japan Medical Introduction, 2004, 25 (10): 1.